72 ng/mL increase in 25-OHD), the odds of CES-D >= 16 decrease

72 ng/mL increase in 25-OHD), the odds of CES-D >= 16 decreased by 46%.

Conclusions: African American women with lower VDN exhibit increased depressive

symptoms. Research on vitamin D supplementation for reducing antenatal depressive symptoms is needed.”
“Background and Purpose: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common device-associated infection and can result in serious medical consequences. We see more studied the efficacy of a novel microscopic physical surface modification (Sharklet) for preventing bacterial colonization and migration of uropathogenic Escherichia coli on silicone elastomer.

Materials and Methods: In vitro growth assays evaluated E coli colonization using three variations of micropatterned silicone surfaces vs a smooth silicone AZD6244 chemical structure control. Enumeration techniques included quantification of colonies on surfaces and analysis of bacterial area coverage and colony size. In vitro migration assays involved placement of micropatterned and smooth silicone rod segments between two agar islands to measure incidence of migration.

Results: All three variations of the Sharklet micropattern outperformed the control surfaces in inhibiting E coli colonization. On average, 47% reduction in colony-forming units (CFUs) and bacterial area

coverage plus 77% reduction in colony size were achieved with the Sharklet surfaces in tryptic soy broth and artificial urine compared with the control nonpatterned surfaces. The incidence of E coli migration over the rod segments was reduced by more than 80% for the Sharklet transverse patterned rods compared with the unpatterned control

rods.

Conclusion: The Sharklet micropattern is effective at inhibiting colonization and migration of a common uropathogen. This performance is achieved through a physical surface modification without the use of any antimicrobial agents. Because deterrence of bacterial colonization and migration is a critical step to prevent CAUTI, the Sharklet micropattern offers a novel concept in Lonafarnib concentration addressing this important problem.”
“Background: The study was conducted to assess obstetrics-gynecology resident knowledge about barrier and over-the-counter (OTC) contraceptives and identify strengths and weaknesses in resident education.

Methods: We developed a survey for distribution among 50 randomly selected U.S. obstetrics-gynecology residency programs.

Results: Of 202 respondents, only 57% and 36% of residents reported adequate knowledge to counsel patients regarding latex vs. nonlatex condom use, respectively. Ninety-six percent knew spermicides were nonprotective against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); however, there was limited knowledge about delivery options. Only 17% had ever fit or prescribed a diaphragm, and 30% reported knowledge in performing a fitting. Greater than 80% of residents stated they received no formal didactics addressing the use of condoms, spermicides, or diaphragms.

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