We show that the crack position can be determined by the Fourier coefficients of the leakage magnetic flux density on a circle inside the pipe in the pipe cross-sectional plane. Coils that directly output the Fourier

cosine and sine coefficients were made. The experimental results showed that, using only these two coils rather than dozens of magnetic sensors, the center position of a crack on the inside/outside surface of the pipe could be localized. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3535546]“
“From measurements of the current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetoresistance of ferromagnetically coupled [Co90Fe10/Cu](n) multilayers, within sputtered Permalloy-based double exchange biased spin-valves, we determine the parameter delta(Co(90) Fe(10)/Cu) = 0.19 +/- 0.04 that sets the probability P of spin-flipping at buy AC220 a Co90Fe10/Cu interface via the equation P = 1-exp(similar to delta). (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3535421]“
“Evaluation of: Wu X, Gowda NM, Kumar S, Gowda S: Protein-DNA complex is the exclusive malaria parasite component that activates dendritic cells and triggers innate immune responses. J. Immunol. 184(8), 4338-4348 (2010). Malaria parasites induce strong proinflammatory immune responses upon infection. These responses, driven largely

by CD4(+) Thl cells, help the body to control malaria parasitemia. FDA-approved Drug Library cell line When excessive, inflammatory responses contribute to the pathology observed in malaria infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells that activate Thl cells in malaria infection via the secretion of the cytokine IL-12. It remains unclear precisely which components of malaria-infected red blood cells are responsible for activating DCs. In this study, Wu et al. set out to deconstruct malaria-infected red blood cells to determine the immunogenic

7-Cl-O-Nec1 molecular weight components that induce production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12 and INF-alpha from DCs. The authors suggest that parasite DNA complexed with protein is the main trigger for activation of DCs in malaria-infected red blood cells.”
“Fully epitaxial Fe/Ag-wedge/MgO/Fe(001) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) were prepared by using a combination of magnetron sputtering and molecular beam epitaxy, and their magneto-transport properties were investigated for the Ag thickness range of 0-9 monolayer (ML). The large tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios of up to 160% at room temperature were obtained in the Fe/MgO/Fe region (Ag: 0 ML) after the optimization of the preparation conditions. The finite TMR ratio was observed until the Ag thickness reached 4 ML, although no significant oscillation due to quantum well states (QWS) was seen. This is the first demonstration of TMR in the fully epitaxial MTJs with nonmagnetic metal layer insertion which can potentially create spin-dependent QWS. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.