Table 2: The efficiency comparison of case-control and case-only designs in estimating the genetic-environment interactions Confidence intervals in estimating the interaction of family history of breast cancer in the first degree relatives and other variables including in the case-only design were less wide than those in the case-control design. Moreover, the log likelihood for assessing the interaction of family history of breast cancer in the first degree relatives

and other variables in the case-only design were smaller Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical than those in the case control design. The P values obtained in statistical analysis Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of the interaction of family history of breast cancer in the first degree relatives and variables like age at menarche, the first

delivery at the age of 35 years and more, or no delivery, the history of having live birth, or breastfeeding history in the case-only design were smaller than those in the case-control design (table 2). Discussion Based on a previous study,24 the major risk of breast cancer among patients without the Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical gene and the environmental factors, P (D/G-E-) was equal to 0.0066. This value is one of the assumptions of equation 1 for the calculation of Belinostat mw gene-environment independence presented in table 1. Consistent with the findings of previous studies,11,12 our study showed Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical that in interaction analysis of family history of breast cancer and age at menarche, confidence intervals, standard error, and -2log

likelihood in the case-only design were better than those in the case-control design. Moreover, similar to finding of Ardalan and colleagues 12 the P value in the case-only design was lower than that in the case-control design. However, such findings does not agree with those of Becher et al.11 who showed otherwise. Consistent with previous studies, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical the independence assumption of gene with age at menarche was established.11,12 The confidence intervals and -2log likelihood of the interaction of family history of breast cancer in the first degree relatives and the first delivery at the ages between 25-34 yrs old in case-only design were better than those in the case-control design. PAK6 However, standard error in the case-control design was somewhat higher. Similar to the findings of Yavari et al.4 the present study established the independence assumption of gene-age at the first delivery. They conducted the independence assumption based on independence test and suggested the standard statistical multivariable techniques to investigate the independence assumption of gene-environment.