Merr) has not been evaluated under open-air field conditions. Soybeans grown under Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) exhibit warmer canopies due to decreased latent heat loss because of decreased stomatal conductance. According to development models

based on accumulated thermal time, or growing degree days (degrees Cd), increased canopy temperature should accelerate development. The SoyFACE research facility (Champaign, Illinois, USA) was used to test the hypothesis that development is accelerated in soybean when grown in [CO2] elevated to selleck compound 548 mu mol mol(-1). Canopy temperature was measured continuously with infrared thermometry, and used in turn to calculate GDD. Opposite to expectation, elevated [CO2], while increasing canopy temperature, delayed reproductive development by up to 3 days (P <

0.05). Soybean grown in elevated [CO2] required similar to 49 degrees Cd more GDD (P < 0.05) to complete full bloom stage (R2) and similar to 52 degrees Cd more GDD (P < 0.05) to complete the beginning seed (R5) stage, but needed similar to 46 degrees Cd fewer GDD (P < 0.05) to complete seed filling (R6). Soybeans grown in elevated [CO2] produced significantly more nodes (P < 0.01) on the main stem than those grown under current CHIR-99021 PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor [CO2]. This may explain the delay in completion of reproductive development and final maturation of the crop under elevated [CO2]. These results show a direct effect of rising [CO2] on plant development that will affect both projections of grain supply and may be significant to other species including Akt inhibitor those in natural communities.”
“A computational model for UV pulsed-laser

scribing of silicon target is presented and compared with experimental results. The experiments were performed with a high-power Q-switched diode-pumped solid state laser which was operated at 355 nm. They were conducted on n-type 500 mu m thick silicon wafers. The scribing width and depth were measured using scanning electron microscopy. The model takes into account major physics, such as heat transfer, evaporation, multiple reflections, and Rayleigh scattering. It also considers the attenuation and redistribution of laser energy due to Rayleigh scattering. Especially, the influence of the average particle sizes in the model is mainly investigated. Finally, it is shown that the computational model describing the laser scribing of silicon is valid at an average particle size of about 10 nm. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3436588]“
“Effect of electron beam on mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer, grade Elvaloy 1335 has been investigated. The copolymer was subjected to varying doses of electron beam radiation with different proportion of the sensitizer trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA).