3a; data shown only for the CD4+ CD25− CD127−/+ effector population from HNSCC patients). At the 1 : 1 ratio, the CD25inter Selleckchem OTX015 Treg cell population consistently induced a greater percentage of suppression compared with CD25high Treg cells regardless of the effector T-cell population being suppressed. This trend was also observed at the different Treg : effector T-cell ratios; however, with increased proportions of effector T cells the level of suppression induced by the two Treg cell populations became less pronounced (Fig. 3a). As all samples were tested at a 1 : 1 ratio of Treg : effector

T cells these data were used for statistical analysis of differences between various cell populations and clinicopathological parameters. Both Treg cell populations (CD25inter and CD25high) from HNSCC patients suppressed the proliferation of CD4+ CD25− CD127−/+ effector T cells to a greater extent than those from healthy controls, but this only reached significance for the CD25high Treg cells (Fig. 3b). The significance Apoptosis Compound Library datasheet observed arose primarily from the oropharyngeal cohort, in particular those with early stage tumours, as both these patient groups induced a significantly greater level of suppression compared with healthy

controls (Table 2). In addition, patients with advanced stage cancer of the larynx and patients with nodal involvement also had CD25high Treg cells with significantly greater suppressive activity than the healthy controls (Table 2). No differences were observed in the suppressive activity between patients with laryngeal and oropharyngeal cancer, early and advanced stage tumours and tumours with and without nodal involvement for both CD25inter and CD25high Treg cells (data not shown). When using the CD4+ CD25+ CD127+ effector T-cell population the only significant difference found was that CD25high Treg cells Obeticholic Acid solubility dmso from patients with tumours that had metastasized to the lymph nodes had a greater suppressive activity than those isolated from patients without

nodal involvement (22·80 ± 2·92% versus 11·21 ± 4·50%; P = 0·04). Both the CD25inter and CD25high Treg cells exerted a greater level of suppression on the proliferation of the CD4+ CD25− CD127−/+ effector T cells compared with the CD4+ CD25+ CD127+ effector T-cell population for all HNSCC patient cohorts; however, this only reached significance for the CD25high Treg cells isolated from patients with cancer of the oropharynx (25·41 ± 4·65% versus 19·33 ± 3·36%; P = 0·03). The percentage of suppression induced by CD25inter Treg cells on the proliferation of CD4+ CD25− CD127−/+ effector T cells at a 1 : 1 ratio was consistently higher compared with CD25high Treg cells, regardless of tumour stage, subsite and nodal status and including healthy controls.