6%) reported smoking. Mothers with CES-D scores >= 16 were less likely to

breastfeed compared to those with scores <16 (38.5% versus 61.5%; p = 0.02). Breastfeeding and smoking were not significantly associated (p<0.10). Mothers of HRR infants with significant depressive symptoms who smoke have significantly lower breastfeeding rates (21%) than mothers who are not depressed and do not smoke (65%).

Conclusions: Interventions to improve breastfeeding initiation and continuation that target depression and smoking are necessary.”
“P>Objectives:

Despite aggressive measures to miniaturize the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit in neonates and infants, the CPB prime volume is often at least JQ1 concentration as large as the patients’

blood volume. We conducted an observational study to characterize the hemostatic consequences of a CPB prime consisting of either non-fresh or reconstituted whole blood.

Methods:

Hematocrit, fibrinogen, platelet count, plasminogen, anti-thrombin III (AT-III), and factors (F) II, V, VII, IX, and X of 30 neonates and infants IWR-1-endo undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB utilizing either a non-fresh or reconstituted whole blood prime were prospectively evaluated at eight time points. Following protamine administration, microvascular bleeding was treated by protocol.

Results:

The hemostatic composition of the CPB prime was the same following the use of either non-fresh or reconstituted whole blood. The CPB prime platelet count (mean +/- sd) was 5.87 +/-

2.84 x 10(3) mu l(-1) when compared to a preoperative platelet Staurosporine count of 298 +/- 142 x 10(3) mu l(-1) (P < 0.0001). Twenty patients received 17.3 +/- 9.2 ml center dot kg(-1) (0.86 +/- 0.46 units center dot kg(-1)) of platelets with significant improvement in platelet count. Nine patients received 16.7 +/- 13.4 ml center dot kg(-1) (0.84 +/- 0.67 units center dot kg(-1)) of cryoprecipitate with significant improvements in FVIII and fibrinogen.

Conclusions:

Non-fresh or reconstituted whole blood as a component of a small volume CPB prime in neonates and infants induces clinically significant dilutional thrombocytopenia in conjunction with less significant reductions in fibrinogen, FII, FV, FVII, FVIII, FIX, FX, plasminogen, and AT-III.”
“Background and methods: Smoking is associated with hyperparathyroidism in the elderly general population and nicotine, the main component of tobacco smoke, stimulates PTH release in experimental models. Although smoking is a persisting problem in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the association between smoking and PTH has never been specifically examined in these patients. We investigated the relationship between smoking and hyperparathyroidism in a well-characterized group of 161 nondiabetic dialysis patients.

Results: Sixty-four patients (40%) were smokers.