After treatment with the BTK inhibitor probiotic, inflammatory biomarker levels significantly decreased. Uraemic rats demonstrated superficial mucosal

erosion and inflammatory cell infiltration in the small intestine, and administration of the probiotic alleviated these lesions. The probiotic B. animalis subsp. lactis Bi-07 alleviate bacterial translocation and ameliorate microinflammation through the recovery of intestinal mucosal integrity. “
“Background:  Accurate estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) allows early detection of renal disease and maximizes opportunity for intervention. Aim:  To assess the accuracy of estimated GFR (eGFR) in an Australian and New Zealand cohort with chronic kidney disease using the 4-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation (MDRD4V), the Chronic Kidney Disease Rucaparib molecular weight Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations, and the Cockcroft and Gault equation

with actual and ideal body weight. Methods:  Retrospective review of patients who had measured GFR (mGFR) by 51Cr-EDTA clearance and simultaneous measurements of serum biochemistry and anthropometrics. eGFR was compared with mGFR using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland–Altman measures of agreement. Results:  178 patients had 441 radioisotope measurements of GFR. Mean mGFR of was 22.6 mL/min per 1.73 m2. The MDRD4V equation using the ‘black’ correction factor was most accurate with a mean eGFR of 19.74 (CCC 0.733, bias −2.86). The CKD-EPI equations also using the ‘black’ correction factors were almost as good at 19.11 (CCC 0.719, bias −3.49). The Cockcroft–Gault creatinine clearance values had the poorest agreement with mGFR. In the 18 nonwhite non-Asian patients, the MDRD4V and CKD-EPI equations were generally less accurate although the

use of the ‘black’ correction factor resulted in greater accuracy for both Tideglusib equations. Conclusion:  The MDRD4V equation was the most accurate. However, its accuracy might be less for nonwhite non-Asian patients if the ‘black’ correction factor is omitted. Further study of the estimation of GFR in Australian and New Zealand ethnic subgroups would be helpful. “
“Early intervention in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly improves the prognosis. The present widely used markers of renal function, such as serum creatinine (sCr), fail to reflect early renal damage and predict the progression of disease. The authors aimed to evaluate whether neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a novel specific biomarker of acute kidney injury, could predict the progression of CKD. We identified 92 patients with stage 2–4 CKD caused by primary chronic glomerulonephritis. The patients were followed for 2 years, the changes in NGAL levels in the progressive and non-progressive groups were compared. First, the serum NGAL levels of patients with stage 2–4 CKD were significantly increased compared with the control group.