Among the tools are systems biology approaches allowing the modelling of cellular networks for rational www.selleckchem.com/products/wnt-c59-c59.html strain design, single cell analyses methods for gaining insight into population hetereogeneity, and an exciting combination of tools from structural biology and synthetic biology, permitting the catalysis of new (unnatural) enzymatic reactions or the production of new (unnatural) chemicals.
This perspective article outlines recent advances and new developments within the field of microbial cell factory design. (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Sharad P. Paul, MD, M Phil, has indicated
no significant interest with commercial supporters.”
“The effect of carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on
cognitive function is unclear. Both cognitive improvement and decline have been reported after CAS and CEA. We aimed to compare the changes in postprocedural cognitive function after CAS versus. CEA. A systematic qualitative review of the literature was conducted according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement for studies evaluating the changes in cognitive function after CAS compared with CEA. Thirteen studies (403 CEAs; 368 CAS procedures) comparing the changes in cognitive function after CEA versus CAS were identified. PKC412 Most studies did not show significant differences in overall cognitive function or only showed a difference in a single cognitive
test between the two procedures. A definitive conclusion regarding the effect of CAS versus CEA on cognitive function was not possible owing to heterogeneity in AP26113 in vitro definition, method, timing of assessment, and type of cognitive tests. For the same reasons, performing a meta-analysis was not feasible. The lack of standardization of specific cognitive tests and timing of assessment of cognitive function after CAS and CEA do not allow for definite conclusions to be drawn. Larger, adequately-powered and appropriately designed studies are required to accurately evaluate the effect of CAS versus CEA on postprocedural cognitive function. (C) 2013 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Sugar-based compounds are widely used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents and food. They are mainly produced by chemical methods, but the use of enzymes as a greener alternative to organic synthesis has been investigated for more than 20 years. Due to the low polar substrate solubility in organic solvents compatible with enzymes, research has focused on the application of substitutes for biocatalysis, especially ionic liquids (ILs). After introducing the main properties of ILs and especially their ability to solubilize sugars, this review focuses on one of their applications, the biocatalytic synthesis of carbohydrate derivatives.