Characterisation of the ZnS quantum dots and chitosan capping agent UV–vis spectroscopy measurements were conducted using PerkinElmer equipment (Lambda EZ-210, Waltham, MA, USA) in transmission mode with samples in a quartz cuvette over a wavelength range of 600 to 190 nm. All experiments were conducted in triplicate (n = 3) unless specifically noted, and data was presented as mean ± standard deviation. Photoluminescence (PL) characterisation of the ZnS-chitosan (CHI) conjugates was conducted based on spectra acquired at room temperature using the Nanodrop {Selleck Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Selleck Antidiabetic Compound Library|Selleck Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Selleck Antidiabetic Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Selleckchem Antidiabetic Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Selleckchem Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library|buy Anti-diabetic Compound Library|Anti-diabetic Compound Library ic50|Anti-diabetic Compound Library price|Anti-diabetic Compound Library cost|Anti-diabetic Compound Library solubility dmso|Anti-diabetic Compound Library purchase|Anti-diabetic Compound Library manufacturer|Anti-diabetic Compound Library research buy|Anti-diabetic Compound Library order|Anti-diabetic Compound Library mouse|Anti-diabetic Compound Library chemical structure|Anti-diabetic Compound Library mw|Anti-diabetic Compound Library molecular weight|Anti-diabetic Compound Library datasheet|Anti-diabetic Compound Library supplier|Anti-diabetic Compound Library in vitro|Anti-diabetic Compound Library cell line|Anti-diabetic Compound Library concentration|Anti-diabetic Compound Library nmr|Anti-diabetic Compound Library in vivo|Anti-diabetic Compound Library clinical trial|Anti-diabetic Compound Library cell assay|Anti-diabetic Compound Library screening|Anti-diabetic Compound Library high throughput|buy Antidiabetic Compound Library|Antidiabetic Compound Library ic50|Antidiabetic Compound Library price|Antidiabetic Compound Library cost|Antidiabetic Compound Library solubility dmso|Antidiabetic Compound Library purchase|Antidiabetic Compound Library manufacturer|Antidiabetic Compound Library research buy|Antidiabetic Compound Library order|Antidiabetic Compound Library chemical structure|Antidiabetic Compound Library datasheet|Antidiabetic Compound Library supplier|Antidiabetic Compound Library in vitro|Antidiabetic Compound Library cell line|Antidiabetic Compound Library concentration|Antidiabetic Compound Library clinical trial|Antidiabetic Compound Library cell assay|Antidiabetic Compound Library screening|Antidiabetic Compound Library high throughput|Anti-diabetic Compound high throughput screening| 3300 fluoro-spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, UV LED with λ excitation = 365 ± 10 nm). The relative activity was calculated by

subtracting the backgrounds of the samples without QDs. All tests were performed using a minimum of four repetitions (n ≥ 4). In addition, QD colloidal media were placed inside a ‘darkroom chamber’ , where they were illuminated by a UV radiation emission bulb (λ excitation = 365 nm, 6 W, Boitton Instruments, Porto Alegre, Brazil). Digital colour images were collected of the fluorescence of the QDs in the visible range of the spectrum. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded using a PANalytical X’Pert diffractometer (Cu-Kα radiation with λ = 1.5406 Å, Almelo, The Netherlands). Measurements were BIX 1294 nmr performed

in the 2θ range of 15° to 75° with steps of 0.06°. Nanostructural characterisations of the QD bioconjugates, based on the images and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns, were obtained using a Tecnai G2-20-FEI transmission electron microscope (TEM; Hillsboro, OR, USA) at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra were collected using the TEM for element GDC-0449 mouse chemical analysis. In all the TEM analyses, the samples were prepared by dropping the colloidal dispersion onto a porous carbon grid. The QD size and size distribution data were obtained based on the TEM images Bay 11-7085 by measuring at least 100 randomly selected nanoparticles using an image processing program (ImageJ, version 1.44, public

domain, National Institutes of Health). ZnS-CHI quantum dots were analysed by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) method (Thermo Fischer, Nicolet 6700, Waltham, MA, USA) over the range of 400 to 4,000 cm-1 using 64 scans and a 2-cm-1 resolution. These samples were prepared by placing a droplet of the chitosan solution or ZnS-chitosan dispersions onto KBr powder and drying at the temperature of 60°C ± 2°C for 24 h. For potentiometric titration studies, dried chitosan (0.20 g) was dissolved in 20 mL of 0.10 mol.L-1 HCl with gentle stirring overnight and diluted with 20 mL of DI-water. Under continuous stirring, 100 μL of 0.10 mol.L-1 sodium hydroxide solution was added, then allowed to equilibrate, and the pH recorded using a pH meter with a glass electrode (Quimis, Diadema, Brazil). This sequence was repeated until neutralisation of the HCl, and deprotonation of amine groups occurred.