Deltamethrin has been previously

reported for its immunotoxic effects and therefore its exposure DAPT may affect the host resistance to infection and tumour challenge. Effect of exposure of deltamethrin on host resistance to Candida albicans infection was examined in Swiss albino mice. The objective of this study was to investigate the modulatory action of deltamethrin in C. albicans infected mice. The dose of deltamethrin was initially tested and selected from our previous study (18 mg/kg). Percentage of infection in deltamethrin treated animals increased faster when compared to that of the controls. Deltamethrin exposure along with C. albicans infection caused alteration of humoral immune response. The number of colony forming unit in liver and spleen were also found to be significantly increased in the treated EPZ-6438 nmr group. The results from our present study suggest that deltamethrin exhibits an immunosuppressive effect and has

a negative impact on host resistance to C. albicans infection. Important negative effects of potentially harmful xenobiotics present in the environment and in food have been shown to be directed against the immune system, which in the long term could affect host susceptibility to infections and tumour challenge [1, 2]. A chemical substance could disturb the normal homeostasis of the immune system, resulting in enhanced pathogen invasion, growth and tissue damage, or in the event of immune-mediated toxicity, on the immune system itself, or on other organ systems. The immune system appears to be particularly sensitive to modulation by certain classes of environmental chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (such as TCDD), and non-essential trace elements (such as Pb, Cd, Hg and Ni) all of which are classified as common pollutants in the food and the environment [3]. However, it is important

to distinguish between small and biologically unimportant changes in immune parameters presumed PD184352 (CI-1040) to be without health consequences and those changes that may jeopardize host defense. In many studies an alteration in immune function has been observed in the absence of a demonstrable change in host resistance [4]. Moreover, infection-induced mortality resulting from western encephalitis virus was reduced when arsenic was administered before virus inoculation, whereas arsenic administered during ongoing infection increased mortality [5]. Thus, different experimental conditions in terms of animal strain and species, type and strain of micro-organism, as well as dose and route of administration and test substance regimen may greatly affect outcome of an infection.