However, there is a need to understand how alcohol influences the processing of advisory messages.

The current study used a computerised gambling simulation and investigated whether intoxication would affect the use of a decision aid. Using a double-blind repeated measures design, 16 adult males (aged 18-29) completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the South Oaks

Gambling Screen and played a computer blackjack program on two separate occasions, under differing doses ISRIB of alcohol. On certain conditions, the computerised decision aid gave advice to participants as to whether the odds were in their favour.

Participants were found to take longer to respond to the decision aid under higher risk conditions

when they were losing.

Alcohol intoxication may lead to problems evaluating information pertaining to risk, TPX-0005 nmr and this has implications for the use of other decision aids designed to assist intoxicated individuals. The problems processing warning information were consistent with alcohol induced ‘myopia’ where intoxicated individuals had problems processing less salient cues.”
“Cognitive dysfunction in type 1 and type 2 diabetes share many similarities, but important differences do exist. A primary distinguishing feature of type 2 diabetes is that people with this disorder often (but not invariably) do poorly on measures of learning and memory, whereas deficits in these domains are rarely seen in people with type 1 diabetes. Chronic hyperglycaemia and microvascular disease contribute to cognitive dysfunction in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and both disorders are associated with mental and motor slowing and decrements of similar magnitude on measures of attention and executive functioning. Additionally, both types are characterised by neural old slowing, increased

cortical atrophy, microstructural abnormalities in white matter tracts, and similar, but not identical, changes in concentrations of brain neurometabolites. Disconcertingly, the rapid rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes in all age groups might result in a substantial increase in prevalence of diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction.”
“The purpose of the present article is to review our actual knowledge on the desensitization of metabotropic glutamate receptors based on the literature available so far, with the attempt to emphasize all converging data and to give a possible explanation to those evidences that still remain controversial. 1. We review our knowledge on the regulation of mGlu receptors based on the available literature 2. We report converging data and we comment on issues that still remain controversial.

This article is part of a Special Issue entitled ‘Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors’. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Alcohol and nicotine are commonly co-abused.