pombe genomic DNA

pombe genomic DNA Pifithrin-�� nmr fragment. When Phx1-ND-GST was bound to glutathione Sepharose 4B column, S. pombe DNA was retained in the column whereas nearly no retention was observed in the absence of protein, suggesting that Phx1 is a DNA-binding protein (data not shown). However,

the specificity of the bound DNA was not readily extractable. In the absence of information on its specific target sequence, we moved on to find whether it has the ability to activate transcription when bound to a promoter region. For this purpose, we created a recombinant, where the N-terminal homeodomain region (from a.a. 1–238) of Phx1 was swapped with the N-terminal DNA(a space) binding domain (a.a. 1–117) of Pap1, a well-studied transcription factor with known target genes [18] (Figure 2A). The chimeric protein was expressed from a multi-copy plasmid pREP42 in

S. pombe cells, and the level of Pap1-dependent ctt1 + and trr1 + transcripts as well as Pap1-independent gpx1 + gene was examined by Northern analysis (Figure 2B). As a control, RNA samples from cells that express either the full-length (lane 2) or C-terminal domain of Phx1 (Phx1CD; a.a. 239–942; lane 1) were analyzed in parallel. The results in Figure 2B demonstrate that the chimeric construct that can bind to Pap1-binding sites elevated transcripts of Pap1 target genes (ctt1 + and trr1 + ) without affecting transcripts from Pap1-independent Oligomycin A for gpx1 + gene. We separately confirmed that overproduction of Pap1 in this strain increased the expression of trr1 + and ctt1 + genes by about 1.7- and 3.2-fold, respectively, whereas that of gpx1 + was not significantly changed (0.9-fold), when monitored by quantitative real-time PCR. These results indicate that the C-terminal two-thirds of Phx1 (a.a. 239–942) most likely contain a region that activates transcription when tethered nearby to the promoter. This supports the proposal that Phx1 is likely to be a transcription

factor. Whether Phx1 can act alone or needs interaction with other regulators remains to be elucidated. Figure 2 Transcriptional activation by DNA-bound Phx1. (A) Construction of Pap1-Phx1 chimeric protein where the N-terminal homeodomain region of Phx1 was replaced with the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of Pap1. The domain structure of full-length Phx1, N-terminally deleted one (Phx1CD; 239–942 aa), and the chimeric form (Pap1DBD-Phx1CD) that contains N-terminal region (1–117) of Pap1. (B) Freshly grown wild type (ED665) cells harboring pREP42-phx1CD (lane 1), pREP42-phx1 + (lane 2), or pREP42-pap1DBD-phx1CD (lane 3) were inoculated in liquid EMM media, and grown to OD600 of 1.0. selleck screening library Following cells harvest, RNA samples were analyzed by Northern blot, using gene-specific probes for ctt1 + , trr1, + or gpx1 + transcripts that encode catalase, thioredoxin reductase, or glutathione peroxidase, respectively. The ribosomal RNAs for each sample were visualized for loading control.

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