Primary tooth forms were used and the occlusal vertical dimension was increased by 1 mm in order to improve the balance of both the dentures and facial profile. After the initial insertion, oral hygiene instructions for the dentures were given to the parents. Initially, the patient had some difficulty kinase inhibitor Wortmannin in accepting the dentures and was unable to keep them in his mouth due to his young age. After a few months, he was fully adapted to using the dentures, and his parents reported that he was able to eat; in addition, his speech improved and he was quite happy with the dentures (Figures 13, ,1414 and and15).15). Further follow-ups have taken place every 3 months. Further adjustments were made to eliminate interferences at recall appointments; future treatment will include relining, rebasing, or remaking the dentures in order to accommodate growth and development.

Figure 13. Facial view after treatment. Figure 14. Profile view after treatment. Figure 15. Intraoral view after treatment. DISCUSSION Oral rehabilitation of the ectodermal dysplasia patient is necessary to improve both the sagittal and vertical skeletal relationship during craniofacial growth and development as well as to provide improvements in esthetics, speech, and masticatory efficiency.2 Although removable prostheses are the most common treatment method, dental implants are also considered to be a treatment option. Dental implants combined with implant-supported dentures for adolescents over 12 years of age are recommended as a treatment choice in literature.

In situations where implant therapy is indicated, the main problem is insufficient bone; if bone atrophy progresses in these already alveolar-deficient patients, implant placement may not be possible without bone grafting.7 Conversely, implantation reconstruction surgery is subject to a greater risk of failure compared to more conservative prosthetic treatment, besides its psychological aspects particularly in young children.8,12 Early implant placement in a growing child may cause cosmetic problems because the implants act like ankylosed teeth. With the vertical development of the jaws, implant over-structures may not meet with the teeth of the opposite jaw, and may result in prosthetic infraocclusion.7,13 Therefore, the use of implants in young children should be considered carefully, taking into account the above-mentioned issues, especially dental and skeleton maturation as compared to the chronologic age of the patient.

In both of the above cases, implant therapy was not the treatment choice due to ongoing growth and development and insufficient alveolar bone support. It is well-known that dental findings in ectodermal dysplasia may range from hypodontia to anodontia of the primary or permanent teeth. However, the congenital absence of primary teeth is relatively rare;5,9,10 nevertheless, complete anodontia involving primary and permanent dentitions Entinostat was observed in both cases.