The maximum D-value is 2.4 million Yuan in the scheme which plans to set up 29 heat sources.The real minimum LCC was not calculated by PSO. The minimum LCC calculated by PSO is 1.9 million Yuan larger than the minimum LCC calculated by IPSO.Figure 7 compares the LCC convergence curves of two algorithms in three kinds of schemes, respectively. When the population size and the iteration number of PSO are same as those of IPSO during the HSP optimization process, although the PSO algorithm is faster for giving the optimization results, but the optimal results by IPSO are better than the searcher values by PSO. The main reason for current performance is that IPSO can avoid local optimal solution and then further expand the search space so as to find a better solution. Figure 7Algorithm calculation comparison (7 heat sources).Hence, it can be concluded that the improvement approach is effective, and the proposed method IPSO has better significance in solving the HSP problem and competitive to PSO algorithm.5. DiscussionSection 4.2 referred to the values of w, C1, and C2 which may influence the computational results. In Figures Figures88 and and9,9, the results obtained by IPSO were also proved. Algorithm calculation comparison with different parameters is shown in Figures Figures88 a
Reinforcement of a bulk material with fibers is commonly applied in order to upgrade its properties in terms of stiffness, strength, and durability. Fiber composites are applicable in any type of material, like steel-fiber-reinforced concrete, polymer, or ceramic composites as well as metal matrix composite materials [1�C3]. In most cases, the fibers exhibit higher mechanical properties than the matrix to improve its behavior. However, in order to take full advantage of the fiber potential, the bonding between fiber and matrix is of primary importance. Efficient stress transfer is desirable, and this is the reason that in certain cases chemical treatment of the fibers is applied in order to enhance bonding [4]. The chemical reaction between the matrix and fiber results in an ��interphase�� zone with properties different than the ones of the constituent phases (see Figure 1). This interphase zone may be very thin but it plays a crucial role in the mechanical performance of the medium. This is the zone through which stress is transferred, and therefore, all important mechanical properties of the composite like its strength and toughness heavily depend on the quality of the interphase [5, 6]. However, environmental and stress effects degrade the quality of the interphase compromising the structural capacity of the whole composite. It is understandable that the initial bonding conditions between fiber and matrix should be optimized in order to minimize the effect of service-induced deterioration.