The positive DNA fragments were constructed as a library for 454 sequencing with GS-FLX Titanium reagents

at Beijing Autolab Biotechnology Co., Ltd (China). A total of 2166 SSR loci were assessed for transferability to the Chinese germplasm, comprising 953 EST-SSRs developed from faba bean (Vicia selleckchem faba L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) or lupin (Lupinus albus) and retrieved from NCBI EST databases [23] and [24], 115 pea SSR sequences sourced from Gong et al. [25] and Kwon et al. [26], and 906 pea and 192 faba bean SSR sequences that we developed using the transcriptome sequencing data of Kaur et al. [27]. Genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves of field-grown plants by the improved CTAB method of Liu et al. [28]. PCR amplification using flanking SSR loci sequences was performed in 10 μL reaction volumes containing 50 ng genomic Ku-0059436 in vivo DNA, 1 μL of 10 × buffer, 0.2 μL

of dNTP (10 mmol L− 1 each), 1 μL of each primer (2 μmol L− 1), 0.4 U Taq DNA polymerase. PCR reagents were supplied by Dingguo Changsheng Biotechnology Ltd., Beijing, China. Amplifications were performed in an EDC-810 Heijinggang Thermal Cycler (Beijing, China), using the following program: an initial denaturation at 95 °C for 5 min, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 95 °C for 30 s, annealing at an appropriate temperature specific to the primer pair for 45 s, and an extension at 72 °C for 45 s, and a final elongation at 72 °C for 10 min. The PCR products were separated on 8% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresed under 280 V and 50 W and visualized by 0.1% silver nitrate staining. Chi-squared analysis (P = 0.05) was applied to test the distorted segregation of the markers against the expected Mendelian segregation ratio by QTL ICIMapping V3.2 software [29]. The SSR marker states Exoribonuclease were encoded according to Map Manager QTXb 20 [30], whereby the male parent allele was encoded as “A” and the female

parent allele as “B”. For the F2 population, the same male allele was encoded as “A” and the same female allele as “B”, “H” was recorded when a locus was heterozygous, and “-” when there was a missing or null allele. The linkage map was constructed using the Kosambi function (P = 0.0001) in Map Manager QTXb 20, with marker distances in centiMorgans (cM), and presented using JoinMap 4.0 [31]. Of the total of 8453 SSRs developed, 4342 yielded amplification products. From these SSRs we selected 815 pairs of primers for polymorphism screening. The polymorphism ratios of G0003973 × G0005527 were 15.8% for the magnetic bead enrichment method, 26.0% from pea EST-SSR markers deposited in the NCBI EST database, 68.3% from faba bean EST-SSR markers developed by Ma et al. [23], 26.2% from grass pea EST-SSR markers developed by Sun et al. [24], 27.7% from lupin EST-SSR markers developed by screening the NCBI EST database, 34.0% and 6.