The sex and age class composition of groups, the majority including all

age classes, is consistent with daytime encounters including all behaviors (Elliser and Herzing 2012). Although this resident community Deforolimus cost of Atlantic spotted dolphins forages during daylight on bottom dwelling and schooling fish on the shallow sandbanks (Herzing 1996, 2004), the adjacent deep waters represent an additional food resource. Atlantic spotted dolphins are rarely encountered diurnally in deep water, which suggests that they exploit the variety of prey in the DSL. Another species that utilizes the DSL are Hawaiian spinner dolphins, where dolphins rest in the shallow sandy bay during the day until sunset, when they head out to deep water to forage, returning to the bay in the early morning (Norris et al. 1994). Although tiger sharks have been observed in the deep waters of the Bahamas at night with Atlantic spotted dolphins, nocturnal feeding off the edge of the sandbank appears to be an activity of all age classes of Atlantic spotted dolphins in the Bahamas to some degree. It remains unclear if Atlantic

spotted dolphins in the Bahamas are primarily (1) nocturnal feeders, with occasional instances of opportunistic diurnal feeding; (2) diurnal feeders with episodic nocturnal foraging; or (3) opportunistic with specialization based on experience or prey species availability. In the past the analysis of nocturnal foraging habits of dolphins has been determined primarily from the examination of the stomach contents of dead animals (Perrin et al. 1973, Barros BIBW2992 and Wells 1998). The unique habitat in the Bahamas makes this area a new location for observing diurnal and nocturnal foraging habits of small delphinids. We thank the Wild Dolphin Project and all crew and volunteers involved during the time frame of this study. This research was conducted under a permit from the Bahamian Department of

Fisheries. “
“Resident (fish eating) killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the North Pacific have been the subject of long-term studies in several geographical regions. The current study examines population parameters in the southern Alaska resident population from 1984 to 2010 and develops a population model. The southern Alaska resident population ranges from southeastern Alaska through the Kodiak archipelago medchemexpress and contains over 700 individuals. We follow the life histories of 343 identifiable whales in 10 pods from two clans born before and during the study. Population parameters were comparable to those of the British Columbia northern resident population during the 1970s and 1980s, except that age of maturity was approximately one year earlier. The average annual rate of increase was slightly higher in Alaska (3.5%) than for the British Columbia northern residents (2.9%) and probably represents a population at r-max (maximum rate of growth).