Conclusions We show here that cell synchronization may improve the efficacy of retroviral suicide gene transfer in a human and a murine colon cancer cell lines. Because the effect of cell synchronization on retroviral gene transfer differs between the two colon cancer cell lines used in this study, further investigations in more colon cancer cell lines are needed to draw definitive conclusion on the improvement of retroviral gene transfer after cell synchronization. Nevertheless, we demonstrate click here in the present study that this improvement increases the level of apoptosis induced

with GCV treatment. This approach could be fruitful in colon cancer liver metastases because tumor cells are proliferating in a quiescent parenchyma. Therefore, we are currently assessing in a rat model of liver tumors whether this strategy

could improve the antitumoral efficacy of cancer gene therapy using defective retroviral vectors. Acknowledgements This work was supported by Grants from the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, the Académie de Médecine, the Chancelleries de Paris and the Association de Recherche en OncoLogie Digestive (AROLD). Electronic supplementary material Additional file 1: Ara-C and Aphidicolin mediated effects on DHDK12 cell cycle. DHDK12 cells were treated with 0.075 μM ara-C or 25 μ M aphidicolin for 24 h. The percentage of cells in S phase (open square: aphidicolin; filled square: ara-C) and in G1 phase (open triangle: aphidicolin; filled triangle: ara-C) at various time after ara-C or aphidicolin removal was determined www.selleckchem.com/products/Nolvadex.html by flow cytometry analysis of DNA content (PDF 25 KB) References 1. Edelstein ML, Abedi MR, Wixon J: Gene therapy clinical trials worldwide to 2007–an update. J Gene Med 2007, 9:833–842.PubMedCrossRef 2. Thomas CE, Ehrhardt A, Kay MA: Progress and problems with the use of viral vectors for gene therapy. Nat Rev Genet 2003, 4:346–358.PubMedCrossRef 3. Sandmair AM, Loimas S, Puranen P, Immonen

A, Kossila M, Puranen M, Hurskainen H, Tyynela K, Turunen M, Vanninen R, Lehtolainen P, Paljarvi L, Johansson R, Vapalahti M, Yla-Herttuala Axenfeld syndrome S: Thymidine kinase gene therapy for human malignant glioma, using replication-deficient retroviruses or adenoviruses. Hum Gene Ther 2000, 11:2197–2205.PubMedCrossRef 4. Rainov NG: A phase III clinical evaluation of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase and ganciclovir gene therapy as an adjuvant to surgical resection and radiation in adults with previously untreated glioblastoma multiforme. Hum Gene Ther 2000, 11:2389–2401.PubMedCrossRef 5. Culver KW, Ram Z, Wallbridge S, Ishii H, Oldfield EH, Blaese RM: In vivo gene transfer with retroviral vector-producer cells for treatment of experimental brain tumors. Science 1992, 256:1550–1552.PubMedCrossRef 6.