.. Figure 6 Effect of drug Oligomycin A nmr loading on CS:TPP weight ratio of 6:1. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, n = 3. Abbreviations: CS, chitosan; TPP, tripolyphosphate; PS, particle size; EE, entrapment efficiency; … Table 8

Effect of drug loading on OCM-CS:CaCl2 weight ratio of 6:1. The entrapment efficiency for OCM-CSNPs was found to be 18.38 ± 0.29, 18.13 ± 0.47, 34.87 ± 0.33, and 25.29 ± 0.56 as the amount of DRZ decreased from 75% to 10% of DRZ loading (Table 8). DRZ exhibits two distinct pKa values, 6.35 (pKa1) and 8.5 (pKa2) corresponding Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical to the protonated secondary amino group and negatively charged sulfonamide group, respectively [39]. It exhibits, a cationic form at and below pH 6.4 and anionic form, at and above pH 8.5. The largest fraction of unionized form exists at pH right between

the two pKa values. The aqueous solubility Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of DRZ is a function of ionization constant (pKa) of the drug molecule. The pH solubility profile of DRZ exhibits lowest solubility between the two pKa values. OCM-CS when dissolved in distilled water exhibited a pH of 7.4 ± 0.2. At this pH range, DRZ exhibited minimal solubility owing to its unionized form and the drug was protonated as the pH was below 8.5, increasing its soluble fraction [39]. When the pH of Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical OCM-CS was lowered at and below 6.4, it resulted in precipitation of the polymer [15]. When the DRZ loading increased from 20–75%, the amount of DRZ entrapped decreased owing to its insolubility and unionized form. For this reason the entrapment efficiency of OCM-CSNPs at lower DRZ loading was higher. About 20% DRZ loaded NPs resulted in the highest entrapment and was selected

as optimized. The hydrophilicity of DRZ poses difficulty in achieving high entrapment as it can Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical easily Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical come to the aqueous phase outside [40]. At higher DRZ concentration entrapment efficiency was reduced because the drug tends to precipitate. Considering all these factors, concentration of OCM-CS and DRZ was optimized so as to give better entrapment and desired size. The entrapment efficiency for CSNPs was found to be 17.83 ± 0.61, 20.28 ± 0.48, and 19.81 ± 0.37 as the amount of DRZ loading was increased from 25% to 75% (Table 9). Table Resminostat 9 Effect of drug loading on CS:TPP weight ratio of 6:1. 3.12. In Vitro Drug Release of NPs The in vitro release profiles of DRZ loaded OCM-CSNs were compared with those of DRZ from aqueous solution (Figure 7). The release profile for OCM-CSNPs followed a biphasic pattern, characterized by initial burst release followed by a prolonged release [19]. The burst release lasted for 60min, releasing 30% to 35% drug. This initial burst release could be due to rapid dissolution of DRZ adsorbed on the surface of OCM-CSNs. After the initial burst release period, release rate was reduced and that could be due to diffusion of the drug through OCM-CSNs matrix. The release was sustained up to 8h.