This study aimed to examine the effect of postoperative continuous infusion of fentanyl on orthostatic intolerance and delayed ambulation in patients after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.\n\nIn this retrospective cohort study, data from 195 consecutive patients who underwent gynecologic laparoscopic surgery were analyzed to evaluate the association between postoperative Selleck BIBF-1120 continuous infusion of fentanyl and the incidence of orthostatic intolerance or delayed ambulation. The primary outcome was defined as delayed ambulation, an inability to ambulate on postoperative day 1. The secondary

outcome was defined as orthostatic intolerance and symptoms associated with ambulatory challenge, including dizziness, nausea and vomiting, feeling hot, blurred vision, and eventual syncope. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of delayed ambulation and orthostatic intolerance.\n\nThere were 24 cases this website with documented orthostatic intolerance and 5 with delayed ambulation. After multivariate logistic regression modeling, postoperative continuous infusion of fentanyl was found to be significantly associated

with both orthostatic intolerance [adjusted odds ratio (95 % confidence interval), 34.78 (11.12-131.72)] and delayed ambulation [adjusted odds ratio (95 % confidence interval), 8.37 (1.23-72.15)].\n\nPostoperative continuous infusion of fentanyl is associated with increased orthostatic intolerance and delayed ambulation in patients after gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.”
“Background: Provision of quality emergency obstetric care relies upon the presence of skilled health attendants working in an environment where drugs and medical supplies are available when needed and in adequate quantity and of assured quality. This study aimed to describe the experience of rural health facility managers in ensuring the timely availability of drugs and medical supplies for emergency obstetric care (EmOC).\n\nMethods: In-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 17 health facility managers: 14 from dispensaries and three from health centers.

Two members of the Council Health Management Team and one member of the Council Health Service Board were also interviewed. A survey of selleck health facilities was conducted to supplement the data. All the materials were analysed using a qualitative thematic analysis approach.\n\nResults: Participants reported on the unreliability of obtaining drugs and medical supplies for EmOC; this was supported by the absence of essential items observed during the facility survey. The unreliability of obtaining drugs and medical supplies was reported to result in the provision of untimely and suboptimal EmOC services. An insufficient budget for drugs from central government, lack of accountability within the supply system and a bureaucratic process of accessing the locally mobilized drug fund were reported to contribute to the current situation.

Quantitative asbestos exposure measurements were derived from periodic dust surveys undertaken in the industry and around the township. Death records were obtained for the period 1950-2004. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated to compare CP 868596 the Wittenoom women’s mortality with that of the Western Australian female population.\n\nResults: There were 425 deaths, including 30 from malignant mesothelioma. There was excess mortality for all causes of death (SMR = 1.13), all neoplasms (SMR = 1.42), symptoms, signs and ill defined conditions (SMR = 6.35), lung cancer (SMR =

2.15) and pneumoconiosis (SMR = 11.8). Mortality from cancer of the ovary (SMR = 1.52), upper aerodigestive cancers (SMR = 2.70) and tuberculosis (SMR

= 5.38) was increased but not significantly. The risk of death from mesothelioma was increased, but not significantly, in residents known to have lived with or washed the clothes of an Australian Blue Asbestos Company asbestos worker (HR = 2.67, 95% CI 0.77 to 9.21; HR = 2.61, 95% CI 0.85 to 7.99, respectively).\n\nConclusion: Women who were former residents of Wittenoom, exposed to asbestos in their environment or in their home, have excess cancer mortality, including mesothelioma, compared with the Western Australian female population.”
“Intrauterine infection with non-albicans Candida species is rare but can be catastrophic to the fetus. A subset of intrauterine infections with non-albicans Candida species has occurred in women who have undergone in vitro https://www.selleckchem.com/products/DAPT-GSI-IX.html fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). We report a case of a 33-year-old healthy woman, pregnant with triplets by in vitro fertilization, who experienced preterm premature rupture of membranes of fetus A at 16 weeks’ gestation and subsequently developed oligohydramnios in all 3 fetuses.

Following elective pregnancy termination, microscopic examination and molecular analysis demonstrated Candida lusitaniae chorioamnionitis and pneumonia in all 3 fetuses associated with granulomatous inflammation. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ON-01910.html Our case is only the 2nd report of C. lusitaniae chorioamnionitis and should raise awareness that C. lusitaniae intrauterine infection is associated with IVF-ET. We also show here that C. lusitaniae can cause granulomatous intraplacental inflammation and intrauterine pneumonia.”
“In order to explore the diversity of extreme halophiles able to produce different hydrolytic enzymes (amylase, protease, lipase and DNAse) in hypersaline habitats of South Spain, a screening program was performed. A total of 43 extreme halophiles showing hydrolytic activities have been isolated and characterized. The isolated strains were able to grow optimally in media with 15-20% (w/v) total salts and in most cases, growth was detected up to 30% (w/v) total salts.

These mice represent a model of human sleep homeostasis that provides an opportunity to probe the effect of sleep on human physical and mental health.”
“5-S-Lipoylhydroxytyrosol Ro-3306 (1), the parent member of a novel group of bioinspired multidefense antioxidants, is shown herein to exhibit potent peroxyl radical

scavenging properties that are controlled in a solvent dependent manner by the sulfur center adjacent to the active o-diphenol moiety. With respect to the parent hydroxytyrosol (HTy), 1 proved to be a more potent inhibitor of model autoxidation processes in a polar solvent (acetonitrile), due to a lower susceptibility to the adverse effects of hydrogen bonding with the solvent. Determination of O-H bond dissociation enthalpies (BDE) in t-butanol by EPR radical equilibration technique consistently indicated a ca. 1.5 kcal/mol lower value for 1 relative to HTy. In good agreement, DFT calculations of the BDEOH using an explicit methanol molecule to mimic solvent

effects predicted a 1.2 kcal/mol lower value for 1 relative to HTy. Forcing the geometry of the S-R group to coplanarity with the aromatic ring resulted in a dramatic decrease in the computed BDEOH values suggesting a potentially higher activity than the reference antioxidant a-tocopherol, depending on geometrical constrains in microheterogeneous environments. These results point to sulfur substitution as an expedient tool to tailor P005091 the chain breaking antioxidant properties of catechol derivatives in a rational and predictable fashion.”
“The temporal lobe is of importance for visuospatial orientation. Ulixertinib Intracranial

arachnoid cysts have a predilection for the temporal fossa, and might therefore affect visuospatial orientation. The aim was to find out whether temporal cysts affect maze learning and if surgical cyst decompression improves maze performance.\n\nForty-five patients with a temporal arachnoid cyst and 17 control patients with cervical disc disease were tested in a labyrinth route in the hospital corridors the day before surgery and at least 3 months postoperatively.\n\nThirty-five cyst patients (78 %) experienced postoperative improvement of their preoperative complaints. The cyst patients spent significantly longer time than the controls navigating through the maze in the preoperative test, 161 s and 127 s, respectively, but there was no difference in number of errors between the two groups. However, the cyst patients improved significantly in the postoperative test, both with regards to number of errors they made and time spent, contrary to the control patients, whose postoperative performance equalled that of the preoperative test. For the cyst patients, postoperative improvement in the labyrinth test correlated with the clinical outcome-but not the neuroradiological outcome-after the operation.\n\nThus, temporal arachnoid cysts may affect visuospatial orientation and learning in a reversible manner.

(C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In the crystal structure of the polymeric title compound, [Pb(C9H9O2)(2)(C6H6N2O)]center dot H2O(n), the six-coordinate Pb-II ion is chelated by two 4-ethylbenzoate

Selleckchem CAL-101 (PEB) anions and is bridged by two nicotinamide (NA) ligands, forming a polymeric chain running along the b axis. The carboxylate groups of the PEB ions are twisted away from the attached benzene rings by 4.0 (6) and 13.3 (5)degrees. The two benzene rings of the PEB ions bonded to the same metal ion are oriented at a dihedral angle of 87.4 (3) . In the polymeric chain, the N-A ligand is linked to one of the carboxylate groups via N-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonding. In the crystal, adjacent polymeric chains interact via N-H center dot center dot center dot O and weak C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds; and the lattice water molecule links with the polymeric chains via N-H center dot center dot center dot O and Selleckchem Metabolism inhibitor O-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonding. pi-pi stacking between the benzene and the pyridine rings [centroid-centroid distance = 3.805 (5) angstrom] and weak C-H center dot center

dot center dot center dot pi interactions are also observed in the crystal structure.”
“Objective A few studies has reported the use of botulinum toxin injections after spinal cord injury as this is the gold standard to treat focal spasticity We report such a case here\n\nCase report A 38 year-old woman who had become para plegic and care dependent secondary to cervico thoracic in tramedullary ependymoma, presented 8 months later

painful lower limb spasticity which was being treated with oral anti spastic and benzodizepine drugs with no therapeutic effect We treated the patient with intrathecal baclofen to reduce her spasticity and in order to avoid the major side effects of high dosages of oral baclofen After motor rehabilitation programmes which included functional electrical stimulation, the patient was able to wear in advanced reciprocating gait orthosis However, she experienced pain ful muscle spasms in her toes of the feet that limited her gait Therefore, she was also treated with bilateral injections of botulinum toxin type A into the flexor digitorum brevis muscles The patient reported relief ARN-509 solubility dmso of spasms and pain, enabling her to wear in advanced reciprocating gait orthosis and facilitating rehabilitation programmes\n\nConclusion The use of botulinum toxin type A may be an important adjunctive therapy to increase the therapeutic ef fect of baclofen on spasticity in small muscles, resulting in a more focal effect, and improving the use of orthoses and the effectiveness of rehabilitation programmes in patients after spinal cord injury”
“A satisfying result is difficult to achieve in the repair of a full-thickness skin defect in the facial area, including the subunits of the nose.

It is a non-destructive, quasi in situ method to determine profiles of the thickness and the chemical composition of passivation layers in trenches up to an aspect ratio of about 3. The performance of this technique to quantify the passivation layer thickness is compared to a standard technique using secondary electron microscopy images with respect to two different samples and is found to be at least equivalent. The possible uncertainties

and limitations of this technique are discussed as well. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://0-dx.doi.org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1063/1.4729775]“
“A total of 154 samples of skin lesions were obtained from dogs with superficial pyoderma that were assisted by the Veterinary Dermatology Service

click here at the University Veterinary Hospital (HVU), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), aiming to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. isolates and evaluate the presence of multidrug resistance profile. After bacterial isolation and identification, the strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and the results showed lower percentages of resistance to the amoxicillin and clavulanic acid association (1.9%), cefadroxil (1.9%), cephalexin (1.9%) and vancomycin (0.6%). The highest percentages were towards amoxicillin (60.4%) and penicillin G (60.4%). The multidrug resistance was detected in 23.4% JQ1 research buy and the methicillin resistance in 5.8% of the samples. It may be concluded that the Staphylococcus spp. isolates present high susceptibility to key antimicrobials used in the treatment of superficial pyodermas in dogs at the HVU-UFSM, such as cephalexin and the amoxicillin and clavulanic acid association, confirming the preference for these drugs when treating dogs with this disorder. The susceptibility of the strains to fluoroquinolones, also recommended in the literature for the treatment of pyodermas, allows suggesting that such drugs

GANT61 mw should not be considered in the empirical selection. The identification of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus spp. in the studied canine population justifies periodic and regional bacteriological tests of skin lesions in dogs with superficial pyoderma, possible therapeutic failures and also motivates wise use of antimicrobial therapy.”
“Background: Inorganic mesoporous materials exhibit good biocompatibility and hydrothermal stability for cell immobilization. However, it is difficult to encapsulate living cells under mild conditions, and new strategies for cell immobilization are needed. We designed a “fish-in-net” approach for encapsulation of enzymes in ordered mesoporous silica under mild conditions. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the potential of this approach in immobilization of living cells.

We believe that the same approach could also alter the bacterial bioluminescence color by covalent attachment of other suitable fluorescent proteins or chromophores

to luciferase.”
“The IWR-1-endo inhibitor International HapMap Project Produced a genome-wide database of genetic Variation for use in genetic association studies of common diseases. The initial output of these studies has been over-whelming, with over 150 risk loci identified in studies of more than 60 common diseases and traits. These associations have Suggested previously unsuspected etiologic pathways for common diseases that will be of use in identifying new therapeutic targets and developing targeted interventions based oil genetically defined risk. Here we examine the development mid application of the HPAMap to genome-wide association (GWA) studies; present and future technologies

for CAVA research; Current major efforts in GWA studies; successes and limitations Of the GWA approach in identifying polymorphisms related to complex diseases; data release and privacy polices; use of these findings by Clinicians, the public, and academic physicians; and sources of ongoing authoritative information on this rapidly click here evolving field.”
“The murine Ly6 complex was identified 35 years ago using antisera to lymphocytes. With advances in mAb development, molecular cloning, and genome sequencing, bigger than 20 structurally related genes have been identified within this complex on chromosome 15. All members of the Ly6 family and their human homologues share the highly conserved LU domain and most also possess a GPI anchor. Interestingly,

many Ly6 proteins are expressed in a lineage-specific fashion, and their expression often correlates with stages of differentiation. As a result, Ly6 proteins are frequently used as surface markers for leukocyte subset identification and targets for antibody-mediated depletion. Murine neutrophils display prominent surface expression of several Ly6 proteins, AG-881 research buy including Ly6B, Ly6C, and Ly6G. Although the physiology of most Ly6 proteins is not well understood, a role in neutrophil functions, such as migration, is recognized increasingly. In this review, we will provide an overview of the Ly6 complex and discuss, in detail, the specific Ly6 proteins implicated in neutrophil biology.”
“Mitochondria, which are known as “powerhouse” of the cell, have numerous important functions in cellular metabolism and are involved in cellular innate antiviral immunity in vertebrates. They participate in an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs; alpha/beta). These functions are essential for limiting the spread of viral infection before the stimulation of adaptive immunity. However, viruses have evolved the ability to escape from the mechanisms of immune response including those related to mitochondrial functions.

We also calculated the probability that each effect lies outside specific intervals around the null (RR interval 0.97-1.03, 0.95-1.05, 0.90-1.10).\n\nResults We evaluated 51 eligible tiny

effects (median sample size 112 786 for risk factors and 36 021 for interventions). Most Epigenetic Reader Do inhibitor (37/51) appeared in articles published in 2006-10. The effects pertained to nutrition (n = 19), genetic and other biomarkers (n = 8), correlates of health care (n = 8) and diverse other topics (n = 16) of clinical or public health importance and mostly referred to major clinical outcomes. A total of 15 of the 51 effects were > 80% likely to lie outside the RR interval 0.97-1.03, but only 8 were > 40% likely to lie outside the RR interval 0.95-1.05 and none was > 1.7% likely to lie outside the RR interval 0.90-1.10. The authors discussed at least one concern for 23 effects (small magnitude n = 19, residual confounding n = 11, selection bias n = 1). No concerns were expressed for 28 effects.\n\nConclusions Statistically

significant tiny effects for risk factors and interventions of clinical or public health importance become more common in the literature. Cautious interpretation is warranted, since most of these effects could be eliminated with even minimal GSI-IX inhibitor biases and their importance is uncertain.”
“OBJECTIVES: As an inflammatory reaction after cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), capillary leak syndrome (CLS) is associated with increased morbidity, especially in newborns and infants. We investigated Ro 61-8048 whether different cytokines measured via microdialysis can monitor local inflammation in adipose tissue subcutaneously and predict the development of CLS early, before clinical signs appear. Furthermore,

we investigated whether there are age-related differences between the inflammatory responses in newborns and infants.\n\nMETHODS: We performed a prospective study taking serial measurements of the inflammatory response detected in subcutaneous adipose tissue up to 24 h postoperatively. The cohort consisted of 23 neonates and infants (median age 155, range 6-352 days; median body weight 5.4 kg, range 2.6-9.2 kg) who underwent congenital heart surgery with CPB. Microdialysis catheters were introduced in one lateral thigh subcutaneously using a velocity of 1.0 mu l/min. Serial microdialysis analyses for cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8, IL-10) and complement activation (C3a) were performed. CLS was quantified by X-ray subcutaneous-thoracic ratios.\n\nRESULTS: The median bypass time was 150 min (range 42-432 min) and the aortic cross-clamp time 76 min (range 0-188 min). Six out of 23 infants developed postoperative CLS. Younger age (P = 0.02) and longer bypass time (r = 0.48; P = 0.021) correlated strongly with the development of CLS.

The time required for drying by the fluidized bed granulator is shorter than that by the tumbling granulator, so the fluidized bed granulator is convenient for preparation of granules in handling and shorter processing time than the tumbling granulator.

It was also suggested that the EC layered granules prepared by the fluidized bed granulator were suitable for a controlled release system as well as the EC matrix granules.”
“This study investigated the effects Selleckchem Dibutyryl-cAMP of propofol on primary neuronal cultures from rat embryos. Primary cortical neuronal cultures were prepared from Wistar rat embryos (E18). The viability of cells exposed to 0.01, 0.1 or 1 mg/ml propofol for up to 48 h was assessed using a methyltetrazolium assay. In order to evaluate the role of gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA(A)) receptors, cells were also pre-incubated with the GABA(A)-receptor antagonists, gabazine and picrotoxin. Propofol at a concentration of 1 mg/ml significantly reduced cell viability after 12 h. In contrast, this concentration led to a significant increase in cell viability at 3 and 6 h. The GABA(A)-receptor antagonists did not influence the neurodegenerative effect of propofol but abolished its neuroprotective effect. DNA fragmentation as a marker of apoptosis was elevated after 24 h propofol treatment. www.selleckchem.com/products/gsk1120212-jtp-74057.html These results confirm that high doses of propofol can cause GABA(A)-receptor triggered

neuroprotection and a subsequent time-dependent, but GABA(A)-independent, neurodegeneration in primary cortical neurons.”
“In the centrosymmetric dinuclear title complex, [Sm-2-( C10H11O4)(6)(C12H8N2)(2)], the Sm-III ion is nine-coordinated by seven O atoms of five 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetate (DMPA) ligands and two N atoms of one bis- chelating 1,10phenanthroline (phen) ligand, forming a distorted tricapped trigonal- prismatic environment. The DMPA ligands coordinate in bis- chelate, https://www.selleckchem.com/products/p5091-p005091.html bridging and bridging tridentate

modes. An intramolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bond occurs. Intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot O interactions are also present in the crystal.”
“Objective. This study examined whether 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride/methylmethacrylate-tri-n-butyl borane (4-META/MMA-TBB) resin can be used with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to overcome MTA’s shortcomings. The biologic reactions of the mixture of MTA powder and 4-META/MMA-TBB resin (MTA/4-META) and its potential in clinical applications were also investigated.\n\nStudy design. MTA powder was mixed with 4-META/MMA-TBB resin instead of water at the appropriate proportions determined by a series of studies prior to this experiment. MTA powder mixed with sterile water was used as control. The setting time, compressive strength, pH, and dye leakage of MTA/4-META and MTA were assessed by Gilmore apparatus, universal mechanical testing machine, pH meter, and methylene blue penetration method, respectively.

Phosphofructokinase activity remained unaltered during growth. The percentage contributions of lactate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 isoenzymes to the total amount of all 5 isoenzymes at 12 and 24 months of age were significantly higher than those at 2 months of age.\n\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance-Changes in protein contents of MCTs and the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme profile in GMM samples suggested that lactate usage capacity increases with growth and is accompanied by an increase in the oxidative capacity in Thoroughbreds. (Am J Vet Res 2011;72:1107-1111)”
“Delayed

graft function (DGF) is considered as a risk factor for renal allograft rejection, but this association might be confounded by diagnostic biases (e. g., higher biopsy frequency in patients with DGF, inclusion Selleck AZD1480 of clinically diagnosed rejection episodes, and limited details on the rejection phenotype). This retrospective study including 329 deceased donor transplantations aimed to clarify a causal relationship between DGF and rejection. DGF occurred in 93/329 recipients (28%), whereas immediate graft function (IGF) in 236/329 recipients (72%). The percentage of patients with >= 1 allograft biopsy within the first year post-transplant was similar

between the DGF and IGF group (96% vs. 94%; p = 0.60). The cumulative one-yr incidence of biopsy-proven clinical (35% vs. 34%; p = 0.62) and combined (sub) clinical rejection (58% vs. 60%; p = 0.79) was not different between the two groups. Furthermore, there were no differences regarding rejection phenotypes/severities and time GF120918 chemical structure frame of occurrence. By multivariable Cox regression analysis, donor-specific EGFR inhibitor HLA antibodies, younger recipient age, and immunosuppressive regimens were independent predictors for clinical rejection, while DGF was not. These results in an intermediate sized, but thoroughly investigated patient population challenge the concept that DGF is a risk factor for rejection

and highlights the need for additional studies in this regard.”
“Spin-splitting energies of wurtzite AlN and InN are calculated using the linear combination of atomic orbital method, and the data are analyzed utilizing the two-band k . p model. It is found that in the k . p scheme, a spin-degenerate surface exists in the wurtzite Brillouin zone. Consequently, the D’yakonov-Perel’ spin relaxation mechanism can be effectively suppressed for all spin components in the [001]-grown wurtzite quantum wells (QWs) at a resonant condition through application of appropriate strain or a suitable gate bias. Therefore, wurtzite QWs (e.g., InGaN/AlGaN and GaN/AlGaN) are potential structures for spintronic devices such as the resonant spin lifetime transistor. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3484042]“
“Copper is required for activity of several key enzymes and for optimal mammalian development, especially within the central nervous system.

“
“Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common disorder affecting sexually active adolescents. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and European CDC report Chlamydia trachomatis as the most common sexually transmitted infection and one of the main etiological agents causing PID. C. trachomatis’ and PID’s high prevalence may be attributed to multiple factors including high-risk sexual behaviors, sensitive laboratory diagnostics (polymerase chain reaction), and the introduction of chlamydia screening programs. The pathogenesis of C. trachomatis LEE011 mouse infection is complex with recent data highlighting the role of toll-like receptor 2

and four in the mediation of the inflammatory cascade. The authors review the etiology of the disease, explore its pathogenesis, and discuss a variety of strategies that may be implemented to reduce LY411575 Proteases inhibitor the prevalence of C. trachomatis including: (a) behavioral risk reduction, (b) effective screening of asymptomatic females, (c) targeted male screening, (d) implementation of a sensitive, rapid, self-administered point-of-care testing, and (e) development of an effective

vaccine.”
“Root hairs are fast-growing tubular protrusions on root epidermal cells that play important roles in water and nutrient uptake in plants. The tip-focused polarized growth of root hairs is accomplished by the secretion of newly synthesized materials to the tip via the polarized membrane trafficking mechanism. Here, we report the function of two different types of plasma membrane (PM) Qa-SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors), SYP123 and SYP132, in the growth of root hair in Arabidopsis. We found that SYP123, but not SYP132, localizes in the tip region of root hairs by recycling between the brefeldin A (BFA)-sensitive endosomes and the PM of the expanding tip in an F-actin-dependent KU-57788 in vivo manner. The vesicle-associated membrane proteins VAMP721/722/724 also exhibited tip-focused localization

in root hairs and formed ternary SNARE complexes with both SYP123 and SYP132. These results demonstrate that SYP123 and SYP132 act in a coordinated fashion to mediate tip-focused membrane trafficking for root hair tip growth.”
“Purpose: These are the clinical experiences of Korean incidental prostate cancer patients detected by transurethral resection of the prostate according to initial treatment: active surveillance (AS), radical prostatectomy (RP) and hormone therapy (HT). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 156 incidental prostate cancer. patients between 2001 and 2012. The clinicopathologic outcomes were reviewed and follow-up results were obtained. Results: Among 156 patients, 97 (62.2%) had T1a and 59 (37.8%) had T1b. Forty-six (29.5%) received AS, 67 (42.9%) underwent RP, 34 (21.8%) received HT, 4 (2.6%) received radiotherapy, and 5 (3.2%) chose watchful waiting.